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Farm Radio Weekly is a news and information service for rural radio broadcasters in sub-Saharan Africa. It is published by Farm Radio International.

Issue #71

Welcome to all!

This week, we offer a special welcome to two new subscribers from Cameroon, Colince Nguelo, who is currently studying at the Central European University, and Charles Tchatchoua, from the NGO GIC 2DAC; as well as new subscriber Adri Dibaba Gnassengbe from Direction Nationale des Radios Rurales du Togo.

This week’s news section features a story from the Republic of the Congo. The Congolese government had been recruiting South African commercial farmers to lease arable land. But now the deal is on hold. Could this be part of a “de facto moratorium on land deals in Africa” suggested in this article by Reuters? (http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L9584860.htm)

Due to unforeseen circumstances, we are not able to offer you the next original news story in our Land Grab Series, this week. In its place, we are re-running an important story originally published in August 2008. This story visits a Burkinabe community that feels biodiesel production is an opportunity too good to miss – but is taking steps to pursue the opportunity in a way that does not threaten local food security.

This week’s issue also offers many resources on environmental issues. Check out the Upcoming Events section for information on a climate change reporting competition, and the Radio Resource section for a guide to reporting on losses of biodiversity. In the Farm Radio Action section, you’ll find links to the newest scripts package, which also focuses on environmental issues such as renewable energy and community interactions with wildlife.

Happy reading!

-The Farm Radio Weekly Team

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In this week’s Farm Radio Weekly:

African Farm News in Review

1. Republic of the Congo: Land deals on hold (Reuters, Wall Street Journal)

2. Burkina Faso: Burkinabe farmers say food comes before fuel (by Nourou-Dhine Salouka/Jade Productions for Farm Radio Weekly in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)

3. Re-capping the first half of FRW’s Land Grab Series

Upcoming Events

-July 1-August 1, 2009: Submissions accepted for climate change adaptation fund

Radio Resource Bank

-A practical guide to reporting on loss of biodiversity

Farm Radio Action

-New script package looks at the benefits of caring for the environment

Farm Radio Script of the Week

-Let’s talk about it: A young couple plans pregnancy and childbirth – Part 6

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1. Republic of the Congo: Land deals on hold (Reuters, Wall Street Journal)

Thousands of South African farmers thought they had a great deal coming. The Republic of the Congo was offering land free of charge. Commercial farmers from South Africa planned to establish crop and livestock farm and enjoy many tax breaks offered by the Congolese government. But the government has put the deal on hold.

Earlier this year, the Congolese government began recruiting South African farmers. They wanted skilled commercial farmers to take over millions of hectares of land. South African farmers began booking tours to visit farmlands.

The Congolese government presented the plan as an opportunity to improve local food security. South African farmers were to receive 99-year leases and other incentives. In exchange, they would produce food for the local market and train local farmers. According to the government, only about ten per cent of arable Congolese land is farmed. Nearly all of the country’s food is imported.

The land deals raised concern. They were perceived as a form of land grabbing and a threat to local farmers. For the time being, the government has put the deal on hold. According to the Congolese Minister of Agriculture, no land deals will be finalized until after the Congolese election in July of this year.
For more information on the issue of land grabbing, and a discussion of how local resistance helped stop a proposed land grab in Madagascar, see the Notes to Broadcasters from a previous issue of FRW: http://weekly.farmradio.org/2009/06/08/notes-to-broadcasters-on-farmland-grabbing/

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2. Burkina Faso: Burkinabe farmers say food comes before fuel (by Nourou-Dhine Salouka/Jade Productions for Farm Radio Weekly in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)

After hearing about jatropha from biofuel companies and a traditional chief, Burkinabe farmers decided to give it a try this season. Jatropha is a plant used to produce biodiesel. But the farmers say it won’t take priority over their cereal crops. Also, they want to see the jatropha processed and used locally, not exported as cotton is.In the Nayala province of northwestern Burkina Faso, the production of jatropha is well underway. The plant is growing on 200 hectares of land this year and is expected to grow on10,000 hectares by 2010.

Aimé Charles Ki is president of a farmers’ group known as La Fédération des Groupements de Producteurs de Nayala. He says biofuels present an opportunity that shouldn’t be missed. In order to learn the best practices for growing jatropha, his organization undertook a study tour to Mali this past February. Malian farmers have been experimenting with jatropha production for some 15 years. Upon their return, the Burkinabe farmers decided to follow the Malian model of processing jatropha locally and using the biodiesel for local needs – particularly to fuel tractors and mills.

Jatropha has given rise to hope in the Nayala region and beyond. Marie Thérèse Toé is president of a women’s organization that fights poverty, known as “Claire Amitié” or “Bright Friendship.” She sees jatropha as an important supplemental source of income. Léon Moussiané farms in the town of Toma in Nayala province. He has a grander vision. Mr. Moussiané is convinced that biofuels represent the fastest route towards rural development.

However, development won’t happen at any cost. The farmers refuse to hand jatropha processing over to industry, as Western firms are encouraging them to do. Mr. Ki says that the farmers’ priority is food security, so cereal production remains their focus. Instead of devoting entire plantations to jatropha, farmers use the tall plants to mark the boundaries of their fields. Jatropha is also planted within fields to separate different crop varieties.

Burkina Faso’s farmers also refuse to export raw jatropha seeds to be processed for biodiesel. They want to avoid the type of misadventure they experienced with cotton. They say the exportation of raw materials does not promote local development. Instead, farmers lose their bargaining power and have no control over the selling price.

To boost local development, the farmers’ federation has a simple plan – to install a local processing plant. The plant would be managed by three groups of stakeholders. The first group is farmers, who will provide the basic materials. The second group will bring capital and the third group, technology. This new type of business arrangement is Mr. Ki’s dream, and would be at the centre of the jatropha industry. In anticipation of this stakeholder-run company, Burkinabe farmers are experimenting with jatropha this year. But until this structure is in place, they don’t believe the jatropha industry is a viable choice for their community.

 

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July 1-August 1, 2009: Submissions accepted for climate change adaptation fund

AfricaAdapt is an organization which seeks to educate and engage African communities, especially those in marginalized areas, on how to adapt to climate change. To advance this goal, it has initiated a Knowledge Sharing Innovation Fund. This fund offers 10,000 American dollars (approximately 7,100 Euros) to those who overcome barriers — due to language, lack of access to information, or marginalization because of gender or disability and share knowledge on climate change adaptation with “hard to reach” or marginalized African communities. Some ways to overcome these barriers include theatre performances, radio broadcasts, songs, or visual arts.

This fund is open to African researchers, local and civil society organizations, cooperatives, and community networks. The first round of submissions will be accepted between July 1 and August 1, 2009.

For more information, visit: http://www.africa-adapt.net/AA/NetworkNews.aspx. For application forms or any other inquiries, contact: info@africa-adapt.net.

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A practical guide to reporting on loss of biodiversity

Biodiversity is a commonly-used short form for “biological diversity,” meaning the variety of plant and animal life. Factors such as human land use and climate change can reduce biodiversity. But what does this mean for your community and your listeners?

A new guide, published by the International Institute for Environment and Development, offers pointers on how to report on the loss of biodiversity and its implications. Loss of biodiversity affects communities the world over, but the issue is currently under-reported, partly because scientists and policymakers haven’t communicated the issues in effective and relevant ways. Better, more meaningful stories can be told by showing people that they are part of biodiversity and by demonstrating how losses of biodiversity can affect them.

The guide encourages journalists to avoid disaster narratives and “flat, one-sided” stories. It stresses that balanced appraisals, probing different angles, and asking hard questions are keys to good reporting on biodiversity issues. A number of angles can make biodiversity relevant – for example, how it links with health, money and, politics.

The full guide can be found online, here: http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/17037IIED.pdf.

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New script package looks at the benefits of caring for the environment

 Farm Radio International’s new script package explores sustainable ways that communities can live with their surrounding environment. The package is broken down into three sections: renewable energy, community interactions with wildlife, and climate change. These scripts can now be found on the Farm Radio International’s website: http://www.farmradio.org/english/radio-scripts/. You can also link to them below, as follows:

Renewable energy
-Women are actively involved in planting jatropha in a Malian village (Script 4)
-SolarAid’s micro solar project in rural Tanzania: Tremendous solar energy potential (Script 6)
-Biodiesel production: Generating income for small-scale farmers in Kenya (Script 7)

Community interactions with wildlife
-Balancing the interests of wildlife and rural communities: Lessons from Buabeng-Fiema monkey sanctuary in Ghan (Script 1)
-Butterfly farming generates income for rural community and protects the forest (Script 2)
-Forest communities generate income while conserving their environment (Script 3)

Climate change
-Paying farmers for environmental services (Script 5)

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Let’s talk about it: A young couple plans pregnancy and childbirth – Part 6

In this sixth instalment, we meet the couple in the eighth month of pregnancy. As her belly grows, the mother-to-be is tired, but tells us how she is following the midwife’s advice to exercise. She is also thinking about who will help her with household chores once the baby has been born. The father-to-be explains their plans to get to the hospital – which is 10 kilometres away – when his wife begins to have labour pains.

In coming weeks, the series will continue in FRW’s Script of the Week section. We will follow the couple through the completion of pregnancy and the birth of their child, learning important lessons about how couples can make decisions about maternal health and child care along the way.

Notes to broadcaster

When couples are expecting a child, many men and women are uncomfortable talking about issues such as child care, pregnancy, delivery, and the role of men and women in these issues. In some cultures, the husband is the primary person with whom a pregnant woman would discuss such matters; neighbours or close friends can also be involved.

In other cultures, female elders, midwives, and the mother-in-law have a special role to play in encouraging discussion and providing advice to the pregnant woman. Today, however, younger women frequently do not want to follow their advice, even when they advise women to go to a health facility for care.

To talk about these issues, we have visited a couple in a village in Arusha district, Tanzania. They were married one year ago, and have made plans, including how they can make their life prosperous and take care of their children.

This script contains eight separate interviews with the couple, spanning a period from before the wife was pregnant until after the child is born. There are several ways to use this script. You could use it as a guide to interviewing an expectant couple in your own area. Read closely through the kinds of questions and issues in the interviews. Find out how couples in your area prepare for childbirth. Who makes the decisions? Do husbands and wives discuss these issues together? You may also choose to air these interviews as they are, making adaptations to your local situation. The eight interviews could be aired for eight days in a row, or once a week for eight weeks.

This script is based on actual interviews. If you choose to use voice actors to represent the couple who are being interviewed, please make sure to tell your audience at the beginning of the program that the voices are those of actors, not the original people involved in the interview, and that the program has been adapted for your local audience, but is based on a real interview.

Also, some of the cultural customs and traditions followed by the couple and their families may be different than those of your listening audience. Feel free to adapt the script to the cultural context of your listening audience. Or you could present the story as occurring in a different culture with different values and traditions.

The sixth interview – the eighth month of pregnancy

Characters
Producer
Husband
Wife
Neighbouring mother

Presenter: Women and men should be encouraged to discuss issues related to pregnancy and childbirth, and ?specifically issues such as saving funds for delivery, attending the pre-birth or antenatal clinic, caring for the mother during pregnancy, and developing a plan to reach a health facility when labour begins. When these issues are not discussed nor planned beforehand, couples are unprepared for delivery of the baby. The long distances to health facilities and the lack of transport are very difficult obstacles for some pregnant women and married couples, and many do not even consider trying to reach a health facility if labour begins at night.

We are back with the family who are now in their eighth month of pregnancy. What preparations have they made so far? Our producer visited the couple again, and here is their talk.

Signature tune up. Hold 10 seconds and fade out.

Producer: Mum, tell us what the midwife says about your health in this eighth month of your pregnancy?

Wife: My development is good and the baby is playing. But she told me that I have to make sure that I am exercising.

Producer: What kind of exercise are you doing?

Wife: I am just walking some kilometres, not quickly – I am trying to walk slowly.

Producer: And how is Papa? Is he accompanying you in this exercise?

Wife: When he comes home, sometimes we walk together.

Producer: Papa, I think mum or your wife is tired these days. Are you comfortable walking with her?

Husband: I am comfortable walking with her. (Sound of cow) Walking with her is not being idle or having nothing to do. If we walk slowly and talk, we feel refreshed when we come home.

Producer: In this eighth month, there are important plans to make, such as knowing where to deliver and preparing for transportation. How far is it to the hospital?

Husband: It is about 10 kilometres from our home to the hospital, but the clinic is near – it is only two kilometres from here.

Producer: Do you have transportation or…?

Husband: We are expecting to hire transport. I think this will be a big help for us to get to the hospital if we have to go there. There are a few people in the village with a car, and we can call one of them if there is an emergency and we need to go to the hospital.

Producer: How much money do they charge for the ten kilometres from your home to the hospital?

Husband: That depends. I think he normally charges fifteen or twenty thousand Tanzanian shillings (Editor’s note: about $11-15 US dollars or 8-11Euros). He can’t charge you more than twenty thousand.

Producer: Have you prepared that amount of money?

Husband: Yes, I have prepared that amount and also some money for the delivery – whether it’s at the clinic or at the hospital.

Producer: Have you prepared food for after your wife’s delivery?

Husband: I am still in preparation. We have not finished preparation of all the important and needed things yet, but we are preparing. (Sound of cow).

Producer: Mum, who do you think will help you after you have delivered the baby? Who will be helping you with domestic things such as cooking, cleaning the house and the clothes?

Wife: I think everything depends on my husband. He will be close to me, helping me, but also my mother-in-law, because she has never left me alone. She always comes early in the morning, and we can be together for hours. She always asks me if I have any problems. I think she will be able to help me. But mostly, I am depending on my husband.

Producer: Judging by the time remaining for you to deliver, how do you think the preparation is going?

Wife: The preparation is good. We have agreed on what we plan to do when the labour pains start, and we have saved some money, though we are still trying to save more money. We haven’t finished, but we have done something to prepare for this birth.

Producer: (Speaking to the neighbour) Neighbour mum, you are here with us. Please tell us what important things we should look for with one month remaining. What would you make the first priority?

Neighbouring mother: The first priority is to go for another clinic check-up so that they can make sure that the baby is in a good position for birth. Another thing is exercise. It’s good to exercise in order to deliver easily. I know you may feel too tired, but you have to force yourself, because by exercising you will deliver easily. Another thing is to make certain you are prepared with money and anything else you might need at the clinic when you go for delivery. The midwife usually advises us on what we should bring.

Producer: Father, do you have anything to say?

Husband: I have nothing to add, but I thank God for this month, the eighth month of my wife’s pregnancy. She has been healthy, and that is good. We feel well prepared. Only a few weeks until we have a child – it has been a long journey.

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